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<title>1887 Colonial Conference</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">1887 Colonial Conference</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Attending representatives.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Host country</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"></a></span></span> <a href="United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">4 April–6 May 1887</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chair</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Henry_Holland%2C_1st_Viscount_Knutsford" title="Henry Holland, 1st Viscount Knutsford">Sir Henry Thurston Holland</a><br>(<a href="Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precedes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="1894_Colonial_Conference" title="1894 Colonial Conference">1894</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Key points</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left">

Imperial co-operation, Naval defence, <a href="All_Red_Line" title="All Red Line">Pacific telegraph cable</a>, Royal title</div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>1887 Colonial Conference</b> met in <a href="London" title="London">London</a> in 1887 on the occasion of <a href="Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>'s <a href="Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee</a>. It was organised at the behest of the <a href="Imperial_Federation_League" title="Imperial Federation League">Imperial Federation League</a> in hopes of creating closer ties between the colonies, the Dominion of Canada and the United Kingdom. It was attended by more than 100 delegates, mostly unofficial observers, from both self-governing and dependent colonies. <a href="British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>, however, was not represented.<sup id="cite_ref-imp_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Among other things discussed, the colonies in <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> agreed to pay <a href="GBP" class="mw-redirect" title="GBP">£</a>126,000 <a href="Per_annum" title="Per annum">per annum</a> towards the <a href="Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> to help pay for the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s naval deployments in the Pacific. In exchange, the British government agreed not to reduce its <a href="Pacific_Station" title="Pacific Station">Pacific Station</a> without colonial consent.<sup id="cite_ref-cup_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cup-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A proposal to lay a <a href="Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">telegraph cable</a> between <a href="Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> and Australia was approved. A Resolution to extend the Queen's title to "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colonies, and all Dependencies thereof, and Empress of India" was also adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The conference was only a deliberative body and resolutions passed were not binding.<sup id="cite_ref-imp_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this was the case and the conference itself was not established by law, it was seen as a formal step in the process of consultation concerning imperial policy and legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2></div>

<p>The conference was hosted by <a href="Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, Empress of India, and her prime minister, <a href="Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil%2C_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a>, with <a href="Henry_Holland%2C_1st_Viscount_Knutsford" title="Henry Holland, 1st Viscount Knutsford">Sir Henry Thurston Holland</a> (<a href="Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a>) acting as chair and the premiers and other representatives of various colonies as delegates. The colonies and dominions invited to send delegates were <a href="Newfoundland_Colony" title="Newfoundland Colony">Newfoundland Colony</a>, <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">Colony of New South Wales</a>, <a href="Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Colony of Tasmania</a>, <a href="Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>, <a href="South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, the <a href="Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a>, <a href="Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, <a href="Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, and <a href="Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal Colony</a>. Various other colonies were invited to send representatives to the opening ceremonies but not participate as delegates. <a href="William_A._Baillie-Hamilton" title="William A. Baillie-Hamilton">William A. Baillie-Hamilton</a>, the <a href="Private_secretary" title="Private secretary">private secretary</a> to the secretary of state for the Colonies, acted as secretary to the conference.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegates were only able to agree on the most general programs towards closer cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-imp_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In his opening address, Lord Salisbury cited the importance of mutual defense but also maintained his opposition to the creation of a federation, deeming it impractical.<sup id="cite_ref-imp_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He explained that attempts at constitution-making is not feasible because such imperial federation could not conduct its affairs from one center. Some colonies also threatened to boycott debates about such measure.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>Nation

</th>

<th>Name

</th>

<th>Portfolio

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="11"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a></span></span> <a href="United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Henry_Holland%2C_1st_Viscount_Knutsford" title="Henry Holland, 1st Viscount Knutsford">Sir Henry Thurston Holland</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> (President)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil%2C_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="George_Cadogan%2C_5th_Earl_Cadogan" title="George Cadogan, 5th Earl Cadogan">The Earl Cadogan</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">W. H. Smith</a>

</td>

<td><a href="First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Edward_Stanhope" title="Edward Stanhope">Edward Stanhope</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a>

</td>

<td><a href="First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="R._A._Cross%2C_1st_Viscount_Cross" title="R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross">The Viscount Cross</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Frederick_Stanley%2C_16th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby">The Lord Stanley of Preston</a>

</td>

<td><a href="President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Henry_Cecil_Raikes" title="Henry Cecil Raikes">Henry Cecil Raikes</a>

</td>

<td><a href="United_Kingdom_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Postmaster General">Postmaster-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Onslow%2C_4th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow">The Earl of Onslow</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies">Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Sir_James_Fergusson%2C_6th_Baronet" title="Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet">Sir James Fegusson</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs">Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Alexander Campbell</a>

</td>

<td>former <a href="List_of_Ontario_senators" title="List of Ontario senators">Canadian senator for Ontario</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Sanford_Fleming" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanford Fleming">Sanford Fleming</a>

</td>

<td>engineer

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland"></a></span></span> <a href="Newfoundland_Colony" title="Newfoundland Colony">Newfoundland Colony</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Robert_Thorburn_(politician)" title="Robert Thorburn (politician)">Robert Thorburn</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Premier_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador">Premier</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Ambrose_Shea" title="Ambrose Shea">Ambrose Shea</a>

</td>

<td>Leader of the Opposition

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales"></a></span></span> <a href="Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">Colony of New South Wales</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Patrick_Jennings" title="Patrick Jennings">Patrick Jennings</a>

</td>

<td>former <a href="Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">premier</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Robert_Wisdom_(New_South_Wales_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Wisdom (New South Wales politician)">Robert Wisdom</a>

</td>

<td>former <a href="Attorney_General_of_New_South_Wales" title="Attorney General of New South Wales">Attorney-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Saul_Samuel" title="Saul Samuel">Saul Samuel</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Agent-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent-General">Agent-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Tasmania" title="Tasmania"></a></span></span> <a href="Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Colony of Tasmania</a>

</td>

<td><a href="John_Stokell_Dodds" title="John Stokell Dodds">John Stokell Dodds</a>

</td>

<td>former Attorney-General

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Adye_Douglas" title="Adye Douglas">Adye Douglas</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Agent-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent-General">Agent-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="British_Cape_Colony" title="British Cape Colony"></a></span></span> <a href="British_Cape_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Jan_Hendrik_Hofmeyr_(Onze_Jan)" title="Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr (Onze Jan)">Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr</a>

</td>

<td>Member of the Cape House of Assembly

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="South_Australia" title="South Australia"></a></span></span> <a href="South_Australia" title="South Australia">Colony of South Australia</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="John_Downer" title="John Downer">John Downer</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">Premier</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Arthur_Blyth" title="Arthur Blyth">Arthur Blyth</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Agent-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent-General">Agent-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"></a></span></span> <a href="Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Dillon_Bell" title="Dillon Bell">Dillon Bell</a>

</td>

<td><a href="List_of_high_commissioners_of_New_Zealand_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of high commissioners of New Zealand to the United Kingdom">Agent-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="William_Fitzherbert_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Fitzherbert (New Zealand politician)">William Fitzherbert</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the New Zealand Legislative Council">Speaker of the New Zealand Legislative Council</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="4"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)"></a></span></span> <a href="Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Colony of Victoria</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Chief_Secretary_(British_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Secretary (British Empire)">Chief Secretary</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="James_Lorimer_(Australian_politician)" title="James Lorimer (Australian politician)">James Lorimer</a>

</td>

<td>Minister of Defence

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Graham_Berry" title="Graham Berry">Graham Berry</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Agent-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent-General">Agent-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="James_Service" title="James Service">James Service</a>

</td>

<td>former <a href="Premier_of_Victoria" title="Premier of Victoria">premier of Victoria</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Queensland" title="Queensland"></a></span></span> <a href="Queensland" title="Queensland">Colony of Queensland</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Samuel_Griffith" title="Samuel Griffith">Samuel Griffith</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Premier_of_Queensland" title="Premier of Queensland">Premier</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="James_Francis_Garrick" title="James Francis Garrick">James Francis Garrick</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Agent-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent-General">Agent-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Western_Australia" title="Western Australia"></a></span></span> <a href="Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Colony of Western Australia</a>

</td>

<td><a href="John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Surveyor_General_of_Western_Australia" title="Surveyor General of Western Australia">Surveyor General</a> and Commissioner of Crown Lands

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Septimus_Burt" title="Septimus Burt">Septimus Burt</a>

</td>

<td>former <a href="Attorney-General_of_Western_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Western Australia">Attorney-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Colony of Natal</a>

</td>

<td><a href="John_Robinson_(Natal_politician)" title="John Robinson (Natal politician)">John Robinson</a>

</td>

<td>Member of the Natal <a href="Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div>

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</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofcol00colo_1/page/n6/mode/2up"><i>Proceedings of the Colonial Conference 1887</i></a>. <a href="Command_papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Command papers">Command papers</a>. Vol. C.5091. London: Harrison & Sons for HMSO. July 1887<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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<li id="cite_note-imp-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imp_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imp_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imp_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imp_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1991" class="citation book cs1">Olson, James S., ed. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA137"><i>Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism</i></a>. Greenwood Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">135–</span>136. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-3132-6257-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKendle1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="John_Kendle" title="John Kendle">Kendle, J.E.</a> (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/74/3/999/91500"><i>The Colonial and Imperial Conferences, 1887-1911: A Study in Imperial Organization</i></a>. Imperial Studies. Vol. XXVIII. <a href="London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="Longman" title="Longman">Longmans</a> for the <a href="Royal_Commonwealth_Society" title="Royal Commonwealth Society">Royal Commonwealth Society</a>. <a href="ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CO3QA">B0000CO3QA</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fahr%2F74.3.999">10.1086/ahr/74.3.999</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-cup-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cup_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA411"><i>The Cambridge History of the British Empire, Volume 4</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. 1929. p. 409.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1887/05/07/100910297.pdf">"Gladstone's Motion Lost"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New York Times</i>. 7 May 1887. second last paragraph.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGrotkePrutsch2014" class="citation book cs1">Grotke, Kelly L.; Prutsch, Markus J. (2014). <i>Constitutionalism, Legitimacy, and Power: Nineteenth-Century Experiences</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780198723059</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MDpOAAAAYAAJ&q=thorburn&pg=PA5">"Proceedings of the Colonial Conference at London, in 1887: In Relation to Imperial Postal and Telegraphic Communications Through Canada"</a>. 1888.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaddenFieldhouse1985" class="citation book cs1">Madden, A. F.; Fieldhouse, David Kenneth (1985). <i>Settler Self-government, 1840-1900: The Development of Representative and Responsible Government</i>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>031327326X</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1887/mar/25/the-colonial-conference-the-royal">Hansard 25 March 1887 </a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Imperial_Conference" title="Imperial Conference">Imperial Conference</a></li>

<li><a href="All_Red_Line" title="All Red Line">All Red Line</a> - the eventual network of telegraph cables connecting the British Empire.</li></ul>

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